环境保护论文代写:After effects of man-made chemicals

土壤污染是自然土壤环境中的人造化学物质或其他变更的后果。它通常来自地下储罐的破裂，农药的应用，以及受污染的地表水的渗流到地下地层等。
最常见的化学物质solventspetroleum碳氢化合物、农药、铅和其他重金属。这发生这一现象是相互伴生的工业化和化学使用强度等级。
土壤污染主要来源于健康风险的关注，从被污染的土壤直接接触，从污染物的蒸汽，并从供水二次污染和潜在的土壤内。

1. INTRODUCTION

环境保护论文代写:After effects of man-made chemicals

1.1 General

Soil contamination is the aftereffects of man-made chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. It typically arises from the rupture of underground storage tanks, application of pesticides, and percolation of contaminated surface water to subsurface strata etc.

The most common chemicals involved are solventspetroleum hydrocarbons, pesticides, lead and other heavy metals. This occurrence of this phenomenon is mutually associted with the grade of industrializations and intensities of chemical usage.

The concern over soil contamination originates primarily from health risks, from direct contact with the contaminated soil, vapours from the contaminants, and from secondary contamination of water supplies within and underlying the soil.

1.2 Aim

Following are the objectives:

1. To understand the action of soil contamination.
2. To study the cause, effects and control measures of soil contamination.
3. To study various remediation technology available for soil contamination.
4. To test soil specimen for shear strength using Direct Shear Test
5. Depending upon the contaminant of the soil specimen, to provide a remedial solution for the soil contamination.

2. SOIL CONTAMINATION: CAUSES AND EFFECTS

2.1 Soil Contamination

Soil contamination is the occurrence of pollutants in soil beyond a certain level causing a declination of one or more soil functions. Thus a reliable baseline and background concentrations of contaminants have to be determined.

2.2Classification of hazardous substances

Various toxic and hazardous substances are responsible for the soil contamination and degradation. Indication of these hazardous substances is of paramount importance so as to find the remedial measures. There are 3 classes specified as follows:

2.3 Causes of Soil contamination

Soil can be contaminated by natural conditions or human activities. Contamination of soils is, generally, a result of careless use of oil and chemicals.Mostly human activities are responsible for widespread contamination. Few of the causes of the soil contamination as a result of human activities as follows.2

1. Improper and irresponsible waste disposal&Uncontrolled waste water disposal
2. Incorrect storage of products and/or waste in industrial activities
3. Road accidents in goods transport
4. Leaks from tanks or faulty operations
5. Unlimited and improper use of pesticides
6. Uncontrolled air pollution