布里班斯代写assignment:骨科护理内脏的方法
虽然内脏机能和肌肉骨骼系统之间的联系记录，内脏的应用技术在骨科实践的意义仍然是一个讨论点。肌肉骨骼、内脏、神经动力学、应用技术及饮食修正显示颅跨学科咨询骨科护理的整体方法。基于机制的评估和治疗的患者的方法。
在骨科实践、肌肉骨骼、内脏和头颅的应用技术是常用的。虽然内脏干扰对肌肉骨骼功能的影响是已知的，反之亦然，实际应用仍然是一个主题的讨论。骨病的诊断和治疗胸腹内容广泛的描述在骨科文献1,2但多这种方法方面仍不清楚或似乎有足够的证据为基础的参考。而且，事实上，应该说整骨多学科团队仍然是一个讨论点。另有研究表明骨科护理的重要性，使用全面的方法，包括内脏的应用技术。在多个健康问题，不同的诊断和治疗方法，使用一种基于机制的方法可以表示。3这篇文章试图显示一个整体的方法的相关性，基于文献和临床研究。
内脏源性疼痛可以称体位置、如皮肤（headsche区）和肌肉（麦肯齐区）。6内脏疼痛往往是感觉在身体的地方远离受影响的器官的位置。称疼痛可用于内脏疾病的诊断。肠道的6-8疾病、膀胱和生殖器官可以在腹部引起疼痛，骨盆区或不能准确定位病人疼痛的背。8-11内脏痛往往是弥漫在内脏痛觉通路在中枢神经系统的组织，独立的内脏感觉传导通路的缺失及内脏传入纤维的比例较低，与体系统相比。12躯体和内脏传入纤维在同一脊髓感觉神经元导致这种误解的大脑中心的收敛。13疼痛可以扩散到广泛的躯体区域。以历史和触诊并不总是给出正确的指示。它提供的信息来完成诊断，并必须补充技术考试。14基于肌肉骨骼疾病的鉴别诊断，牵涉痛的模式和触诊是有据可查的。8内脏痛伴随躯体和自主神经反应。6,9,11,15-20称肌肉疼痛和痛觉过敏的原因可能是一种中枢敏化的以中枢神经系统（CNS）的发生过程，大量传入内脏影响收敛的内脏躯体神经元触发。9出汗，心动过速，增加呼吸和其他自主神经过程可以伴随内脏疼痛。
布里班斯代写assignment:骨科护理内脏的方法
Although the link between visceral functioning and musculoskeletal system was documented, the implication of visceral applied techniques in osteopathic practice remain a point of discussion. Musculoskeletal, visceral, neurodynamic, cranial applied techniques and dietary corrections indicate the holistic approach of osteopathic care in an interdisciplinary consultation. The mechanism based assessment and therapy are indicated in the approach of patients.
In the osteopathic practice, musculoskeletal, visceral and cranial applied techniques are commonly used. Although the impact of visceral disturbances on musculoskeletal functioning is known, and vice versa, the practical application remains a subject of discussion. Osteopathic diagnosis and therapy of the abdominal and thoracic content were extensively described in osteopathic literature 1,2 but multiple aspects of this approach remain unclear or seem to have insufficient evidence based reference. Also, the fact that osteopaths should be added in multidisciplinary teams remains a point of discussion. Otherwise research results indicate the importance of osteopathic care, using a holistic approach, including visceral applied techniques. In multiple health problems, different ways of diagnosis and treatment using a mechanism based approach can be indicated. 3 This article tries to show the relevance of a holistic approach, based on literature and clinical research.
Pain of visceral origin can be referred to somatic locations 4,5 such as the skin (Headsche zones) and to the musculature (McKenzie zones). 6 Visceral pain is often felt in places of the body away from the location of the affected organ. Referred pain can be of use to diagnose visceral diseases. 6-8 Diseases of the gut, the bladder or genital organs can provoke pain in the abdomen, the pelvic area or the back with the patient not being able to locate the pain accurately. 8-11 Visceral pain tends to be diffuse because of the organisation of the visceral nociceptive pathways in the central nervous system, the absence of separate visceral sensory pathways and the low proportion of visceral afferent fibres, compared with the somatic system. 12 The convergence of visceral and somatic afferent fibres onto the same spinal sensory neurons leads to this misinterpretation by higher brain centres. 13 The pain can spread over broad somatic regions. Taken the history and palpation does not always give the right indication. It provides information to complete the diagnosis, and must be complemented by technical examinations. 14 Differential diagnosis based on musculoskeletal conditions, referred pain patterns and palpation is well documented. 8 Visceral pain is accompanied with somatic and autonomic reactions. 6,9,11,15-20 Referred muscle pain with hyperalgesia may be attributed to a process of central sensitization taking place in the central nervous system (CNS), triggered by the massive afferent visceral impact upon convergent viscero-somatic neurons. 9 Sweating, tachycardia, increased respiration and other autonomic processes can accompany visceral pain. 21