Market Engineering 代写 Introduction Of Energy

4.3 Suppliers

The nuclear industry (the large reactor vendors and utilities) is now working in cooperation with national and international regulatory and safety bodies with the aim of harmonizing regulatory and utility requirements to reactor designs throughout the world. Such harmonization would lower costs for manufacturing, construction, maintenance and refueling outages. Standardized designs can be produced en masse and with economies of scale.

In order to understand the relationship with suppliers, it is necessary to know which the prime participants in a nuclear project are:

Government – which is responsible for overall energy policy and, in some cases, financing

Market – formed by electricity customers wanting electricity at a competitive price

Utility (generator) – which is ultimately responsible for developing the complete project

EPC contractors – engineering, procurement and construction companies which are responsible to the owner for delivery according to schedule and budget

Vendors – which are responsible for supplying equipment and technology to either the owner, the EPC contractor or as part of a joint venture or consortium, according to schedule and budget

Safety authority – which is responsible for addressing all matters related to protecting public safety and the environment, from the design stage to plant operation and fuel management.

During the construction phase, the various risks can be covered by contractual arrangements among the utility, EPC contractor and vendors. Here there is a range of possibilities. For example, in a turnkey project the EPC contractor can assume almost all risks of cost overruns. Financial penalties and rewards are common, for parts of the construction contract relating to timing and quality. As an alternative, utilities can assume greater risk in exchange, perhaps, for the opportunity to benefit from a lower overall cost.

EPC contractors and vendors will limit their exposure and ultimately a portion of the risk will still reside with the utility. Because nuclear plants are very expensive, risking company balance sheets, forming consortia to share risks may often be a good solution.

5.0 Competitors Analysis

The company operates in the power generation market that is part of the broader energy market. The value chain for the power generation market and the main players is as shown in figure below.

Figure 8. Competitor Value Chain.

We have chosen the main competitors that are as follows:

Table 3. Competitors by Energy Sector.

GE Energy infrastructure segment is engaged in the development, implementation and improvement of products and technologies that harness resources such as wind, oil, gas and water. It includes energy, oil & gas, and water & process technologies business. Energy business serves power generation, industrial, government and other customers worldwide with products and services related to energy production, distribution and management. It offers wind turbines, aircraft engine derivatives, gas turbines and generators, and motors and control systems.

Their global presence is as shown in the Fig. 9 below.

Figure 9. GE Global Presence.

Strategies

Through its partnership with USCAP(US Climate Action Partnership), GE is urging the U.S. government to enact strong legislation to reduce greenhouse gases.

GE is one of the world’s leading wind turbine suppliers. With over 10,000 worldwide wind turbine installations comprising more than 15,000 MW of capacity; GE plans to be a leader in this segment of the market.

GE’s Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) technology accounts for more than 90 operating plants in the world today.