压力是正常的，甚至是生活和心理发展的必要组成部分。它是推动生产力和未来规划的动力，但如果身体的压力反应系统长期保持活跃，压力就会变得有害。患有创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状的个体，其身体持续接触应激激素，可能导致心脏病、肥胖、青少年怀孕和过早的性行为。儿童早期大脑发育至关重要，与铅、汞或酒精等毒素一样，毒性应激可抑制神经内分泌系统的最佳发育。这些结构性变化，即使不是永久性的，也必须得到专业的处理。(美国儿科学会，2014)Tishelman在2010年发表的一篇关于在学校使用创伤透镜的论文中，引用了创伤是如何破坏孩子在学校成长和出类拔萃所需要的基石的。受虐待的儿童对挫折的容忍度较低，更容易发怒，更不执着，更容易逃避挑战。研究还发现，受虐待的学龄前儿童在解决问题时表现出的认知灵活性和创造力较差。受创伤的儿童也比他们的同龄人受到更多的纪律处分和停学。2014年，霍夫曼对创伤研究中的健康结果进行了荟萃分析，发现大多数创伤后应激障碍结果研究中缺乏基于残疾、功能和健康问题的研究。在过去的一个世纪里，创伤研究取得了长足的进展，但对健康结果的良好理解仍然缺乏，这可能是由于创伤经历及其背景的异质性造成的。创伤是一种非常多变的疾病，有些事件对每个人来说都不是创伤性的，事件的环境会影响创伤后应激障碍的表现。
澳洲悉尼护理学作业代写:脑压力
Stress is a normal and even necessary part of life and psychological development. It is what drives productivity and future planning but if the body’s stress response system remains active for long periods of time stress can become toxic. The body’s near constant exposure to stress hormones in individuals with PTSD symptoms can lead to heart disease, obesity, adolescent pregnancy and early sexual activity. Early brain development in children is crucial and like toxins such as lead, mercury or alcohol, toxic stress can inhibit the optimal development of the neuroendocrine system. These structural changes, if not permanent, must be professionally treated. (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2014) In Tishelman’s 2010 paper on utilizing a trauma lens in school, it is cited how trauma can damage the building blocks a child needs to develop and excel in school. Maltreated children tend to have lower frustration tolerance, are more prone to anger, less persistent and exhibit greater challenge avoidance. Maltreated preschoolers have also been found to exhibit less cognitive flexibility and creativity in problem solving. Traumatized children also receive more disciplinary referrals and suspensions than their peers.In 2014, Hoffman did a meta-analysis on health outcomes studied in trauma research and found a lack of research based questioning of disability, function, and health in most PTSD outcome studies. Trauma studies have come a long way in the past century but a good understanding of health outcomes is still lacking, possibly due to the heterogeneity of trauma experiences and their contexts. Trauma is a very variable illness, some events will not be traumatic for everyone and the circumstances of the event can affect how PTSD manifests.