憩室是通过小肠或结肠的肌肉壁粘膜的袋状突起。憩室病是在肠壁中存在许多憩室。大多数憩室病患者没有症状，一生中仍然无症状。憩室炎用于描述何时一个或多个憩室发炎。憩室最常见于乙状结肠，尽管它们可能发生在小肠或大肠的任何部分。结肠的肌肉组织富集，变厚并变得僵硬，并且通过结肠壁发生突出。憩室发生在肠壁中的弱点处，其中血管阻断肌肉连续性。肌肉无力作为衰老过程的一部分发展。
憩室通常引起很少的问题。如果未消化的食物或细菌被截留在憩室中，血液供应将减少，细菌侵入憩室。憩室炎发生在憩室穿孔和局部脓肿形成时（Ignatavicius＆Workman，2006）。
具有少量纤维的饮食已经与憩室的发展相关联，因为它们引起较少体积的粪便和便秘。然而，纤维未被证明是一种预防措施（uptodate.com）。五个憩室炎患者中只有一个实际上显示症状（Ignatavicius＆Workman，2006）。憩室炎如何发炎并不清楚。一种理论是，结肠中的压力增加可导致憩室壁的破坏，导致感染。另一个理论是憩室的开口可能会捕获粪便，这可能导致感染。或者，憩室的狭窄开口中的阻塞可以减少血液流动到可能导致炎症的区域。过去，医疗专业人士认为坚果，种子，爆米花和玉米在引起憩室炎方面发挥了作用。然而，最近的研究发现，这些食物与憩室炎的风险增加无关
澳洲维多利亚大学论文代写:憩室病
Diverticula are pouch-like herniations of the mucosa through the muscular wall of the small intestine or colon. Diverticulosis is the presence of many diverticula in the wall of the intestine. Most people with diverticulosis have no symptoms and remain symptom free for a lifetime. Diverticulitis is used to describe when one or more of the diverticula become inflamed. Diverticula occur most commonly in the sigmoid colon, although they may occur in any part of the small or large intestine. The musculature of the colon hpertrophies, thicken and becomes rigid, and herniation occurs through the colon wall. Diverticula occur at points of weakness in the intestinal wall, where blood vessels interrupt muscular continuity. The muscle weakness develops as part of the aging process (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2006).
Diverticula usually cause few problems. If undigested food or bacteria become trapped in the diverticulum blood supply will diminish and bacteria invade the diverticulum. Diverticulitis occurs when the diverticulum perforates and a local absess forms (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2006).
Diets with small amounts of fiber have been linked to the development of diverticula due to the fact that they cause less bulky stool and constipation. However fiber is not proven to be a preventative measure (uptodate.com). Only one of five people with diverticulitis will actually display symptoms (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2006). Exactly how diverticula become inflamed is not clear. One theory is that increased pressure in the colon can lead to breakdown of the wall of the diverticula leading to infection. Another theory is the openings of the diverticula may trap fecal matter, which can lead to infection. Or, an obstruction in the narrow opening of the diverticulum may reduce blood flow to the area which may lead to inflammation. In the past, medical professionals thought that nuts, seeds, popcorn and corn played a role in causing diverticulitis. However, recent research has found that these foods aren’t associated with an increased risk of diverticulitis
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