首先,我们有自然科学领域的知识,与“证明”“科学无关,一切与证据”[5]——安迪·弗莱彻。这句话反映了在声称“知识是合理的真信念”。例如我可能相信吸烟有害你的健康,因为你是代替氧气吸入有毒气体。有证据支持我的信念说香烟增加肺癌的风险,然而这不是证明吸烟导致肺癌。因此可以推断,知道的自然科学领域,强烈依赖的使用证据,以支持一个信念。但是我们如何收集证据?推理的主要方法之一是知道当谈到制定信仰或假设。例如,在我的生物学课程,当调查对光合作用的影响,我相信,更多的光会增加光合作用的速率。如图所示,推理时是至关重要的制定一个假设,因为必须有一个原因我相信光会影响光合作用的速率,这是给我的二次从我的生物学知识,我获得了老师和生物学书籍,但是这些知识可靠吗?科学的科学家将使用他们的知识和二级知识为了让一个假设。科学的方法实现测试假设和结论是从收集到的结果使我最初的理论真或假。我在生物学课程之后进行的科学方法与不同的光强度,我测试了两个工厂,然后记录我的结果在一个图表,我的结果表明,通过增加光强度光合作用的速率就会增加,在某种程度上,因此所示实验证据支持我的信念,因此它可以是一个有效的声明增加光照强度在一定程度上说,将结果与光合作用速率的增加。
澳大利亚国立大学论文代写:自然科学
In the first place, we have the area of knowledge of Natural Sciences, “Science has nothing to do with ‘proof’ and everything to do with evidence” [5] – Andy Fletcher. This quote reflects on the claim that “knowledge is a justified true belief”. For example I may believe that smoking is bad for your health, since you are inhaling toxic fumes instead of oxygen. There is evidence which backs up my belief stating that cigarettes increase the risk of lung cancer; however it is not proven that cigarettes cause lung cancer. So it can be deduced that the area of knowing of Natural sciences, strongly depends of the use of evidence in order to support a belief. However how do we gather evidence? Reasoning is one of the primary ways of knowing when it comes to formulating beliefs or hypotheses. For example, during my biology coursework, when investigating the effect of light on photosynthesis, I believed that more light would increase the rate of photosynthesis. As shown, reasoning is vital when it comes to formulating a hypothesis because there must be a reason why I believe that light will affect the rate of photosynthesis, this was given to me by secondary knowledge which I had acquired from my biology teachers and biology books, however is this knowledge reliable? The scientist will use their knowledge of science and secondary knowledge in order to make a hypothesis. The scientific method is implemented to test hypotheses and a conclusion is drawn from the results collected making my original theory true or false. In my biology coursework I then carried out a scientific method in which I tested two plants with different light intensities, and then recorded my results in a chart, my results showed that by increasing the light intensity the rate of photosynthesis will increase as well, to a certain extent, therefore the evidence shown by the experiment support my belief, and therefore it can be a valid statement to say that increasing light intensity to a certain extent will result with an increase in rate of photosynthesis.